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The
THEATRE,
the most distinguished monument in the
archaeological site of Akrai and although the exact era
when it was constructed is unknown, it seems plausible
that it dates back to the time of Hiero II, therefore
around the second half of the III century BC
The theatre faces northwards, is made up of eight tiers,
nine cuneus and twelve rows of seating, for a total
of
approximately 700 pIaces. It differs from other
theatres in the Classical world because it does not have
a semicircle upper angular development, nor was it dug
out of rock. The existence of a narrow tunnel which
links the theatre to the bouleuterion on the western
side, is an uncommon construction and one whose
function has never been fully explained. Another
particularity, which makes the Akrai theatre unique is
the orchestra which is a semicircle rather than a
perfect circle and makes the scene seem
"incredibly advanced" compared to the usual Classical
rules.
During the Roman era, as with most of the ancient
theatres, it underwent a great number of alterations. A
much more advanced pulpitum was placed on top of the
Hellenistic logeion. The orchestra was paved and at the
entrance on the eastern side a rectangular room was
erected, presumably a kiosk. '
Finally on the scene, the remains of a mill from the
Byzantine era are clearly visible.
To the west of the theatre, we can admire: the
BOULEUTERION,
a
small sized building, uncovered thanks to the
passionate excavation work carried out by the archaeolo-
gist Baran Gabriele Iudica araund 1820 and studied by
Bernabò Brea around 1944. Initially mistaken for an
odeum, today ali are agreed that it was a meeting pIace
for the city's senate, (Boulé). The bouleuterion opened
up onto the agora, the city's square.
Another particular construction, the date of which is
uncertain even for the experts, can be found outside the
boundary walls which enclosed the bouleuterion. It is a
building with a circular base thought by most to be
thermal baths
fram
the Roman era and
changed into a baptistery in the Byzantine era. Then, we
find
APHRODITE'S
TEMPLE, uncovered thanks to the finding of an ancient
inscription which allowed experts to ascertain that
there were three temples in ancient Akrai: the
Aphrodision, the Artemision and the Kereion. According
to the reliable reconstruction offered by experts, the
monument, located above the theatre, was made up of six
Doric columns at the frant and thirteen to the sides for
a total of 18.30 m by 39.50 m. teed proof of the
existence of two gateways on the city boundary wall: the
Syracuse one which opened out not far from the actual
entrance and the Selinunte one which opened out onto the
extreme offshoots of Acremonte.
The extremely interesting city road system attracted the
attention of experts for its particularities. The main
axis (plateau or decuman), connecting the two city
gates, cut across the populated area from east to west
and off this flowed small arteries (stenopoi) heading
north/south. The main road, fitted with a splendid and
well preserved lava paving, is, on average, four metres
wide and was crossed over by smaller side streets at
interrnittent spaces of about twenty-five metres.
The city road system was built in two stages, one
during the Hellenistic era and the other in advanced
Roman era. The remains of an ancient stoà (=arcade) were
recently uncovered along the road.
At the back of the theatre the LATOMIAS open up,
initially stone quarries, they were used to draw the
material needed building homes and monuments in A1
Later, they were used as necropoli, pIace cult and for
living in.
THE INTAGLIATA is the biggest I It is of elliptical
shape and from the high 1 ls, most of them are
underground
now,
it accessed through a door which is stilI cle visible,
situated under the theatre. Inside area there are
numerous hypogeums and a solium burial grounds from
Christian tir The so called hypogeum of the Grotta
Cavalli (the Horse's Grotto) is particut interesting, a
troglodyte house from Byzantine period with four large
rectang rooms, a flat roof, dug out of the rock accessed
through a narrow tunnel. On southern part of the lato
mia is a small h~ geum, the most attractive and well
finishe the entire complex of Akrai latomias co ning,
not only arcosolium and burial ni but also two
baldacchino style centraI to on the walls.
THE
INTAGLIATELLA,
whose
northern part was called the "Via Sacra" by the
archaeologist Prof. Paolo Orsi, has a typical L shape and is
al
so
the oldest stone quarry in Akrai. This latomia is
characterised by a series of votive niches not always easy
to read and at varying heights (up to three levels)
containing "pinakes" (tables or painted votives), tombs
from various eras as well as houses from the Byzantine era.
There are different designs of hypogeums and catacombs,
some extremely sophisticated, tombs with rich baldacchinos
covered with valuable engravings, others with numerous
artistic multi-tomb arcosoliums. However, the aspect which
characterises most of this area and monopolises the
attention of the visitor as well as the experts, is the
existence of a descriptive bas-relief ( approx. 2.13 x 0.83
m), to the left, a sacrificial scene and to the right, a
banquet of heroes with the figure of a Roman warrior at the
centre in the process of making a propitiatory or
thanksgiving sacrifice, whose role was to unite the two
images. The bas-relief shows signs of complete uniqueness,
not only in its design, but for
its
content and more precisely for the mixture of consolidated
Greek and Roman models. The bas-relief is dated around the
first half of the I century BC.
THE HOLY MEN are to be found beyond the actual populated
area of Palazzolo Acreide, on the old provincial road to
Noto where you will come across via dei Santoni on the
right; following it, you come to the entrance to the most
complete and vast complex of figures relating to the Magna
Mater cult which the ancient world ever left uso The site
hosts 12 large reliefs - on a front of approximately 30
metres - ten of them reproducing the same female figure
seated in full prospect, the other two show more complex
scenes with a number of figures. A highly unique monument,
of great importance for the religious history of the ancient
world. It is, in fact, the greatest sanctuary to date
uncovered, dedicated to the cult of the goddess Cibeles |
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