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Palazzolo Acreide Città Patrimonio dell'Umantà

VERSIONE ITALIANA

 
 
 
 

The THEATRE, the most distinguished monu­ment in the archaeological site of Akrai and although the exact era when it was construc­ted is unknown, it seems plausible that it dates back to the time of Hiero II, therefore around the second half of the III century BC
The theatre faces northwards, is made up of eight tiers, nine cuneus and twelve rows of seating, for a total
of approximately 700 pIa­ces. It differs from other theatres in the Classical world because it does not have a semicircle upper angular development, nor was it dug out of rock. The existence of a narrow tunnel which links the theatre to the bouleuterion on the western side, is an uncommon construction and one whose func­tion has never been fully explained. Another particularity, which makes the Akrai theatre unique is the orchestra which is a semicircle rather than a perfect circle and makes the sce­ne seem  "incredibly advanced" compared to the usual Classical rules.
During the Roman era, as with most of the ancient theatres, it underwent a great number of alterations. A much more advanced pulpi­tum was placed on top of the Hellenistic logeion. The orchestra was paved and at the entrance on the eastern side a rectangular room was erected, presumably a kiosk. '
Finally on the scene, the remains of a mill from the Byzantine era are clearly visible.
To the west of the theatre, we can admire: the
BOULEUTERION, a small sized buil­ding, uncovered thanks to the passionate excavation work carried out by the archaeolo- gist Baran Gabriele Iudica araund 1820 and studied by Bernabò Brea around 1944. Initially mistaken for an odeum, today ali are agreed that it was a meeting pIace for the city's senate, (Boulé). The bouleuterion ope­ned up onto the agora, the city's square.
Another particular construction, the date of which is uncertain even for the experts, can be found outside the boundary walls which enclosed the bouleuterion. It is a building with a circular base thought by most to be thermal baths
fram the Roman era and changed into a baptistery in the Byzantine era. Then, we find APHRODITE'S TEMPLE, uncovered thanks to the finding of an ancient inscription which allowed experts to ascertain that there were three temples in ancient Akrai: the Aphrodision, the Artemision and the Kereion. According to the reliable reconstruction offered by experts, the monument, located above the theatre, was made up of six Doric columns at the frant and thirteen to the sides for a total of 18.30 m by 39.50 m. teed proof of the existence of two gateways on the city boundary wall: the Syracuse one which opened out not far from the actual entrance and the Selinunte one which opened out onto the extreme offshoots of Acremonte.
The extremely interesting city road system attracted the attention of experts for its parti­cularities. The main axis (plateau or decu­man), connecting the two city gates, cut across the populated area from east to west and off this flowed small arteries (stenopoi) heading north/south. The main road, fitted with a splendid and well preserved lava paving, is, on average, four metres wide and was crossed over by smaller side streets at interrnittent spa­ces of about twenty-five metres.
The city road system was built in two sta­ges, one during the Hellenistic era and the other in advanced Roman era. The remains of an ancient stoà (=arcade) were recently uncovered along the road.
At the back of the theatre the LATO­MIAS open up, initially stone quarries, they were used to draw the material needed building homes and monuments in A1 Later, they were used as necropoli, pIace cult and for living in.
THE INTAGLIATA
is the biggest I It is of elliptical shape and from the high 1 ls, most of them are underground
now, it accessed through a door which is stilI cle visible, situated under the theatre. Inside area there are numerous hypogeums and a solium burial grounds from Christian tir The so called hypogeum of the Grotta Cavalli (the Horse's Grotto) is particut interesting, a troglodyte house from Byzantine period with four large rectang rooms, a flat roof, dug out of the rock accessed through a narrow tunnel. On southern part of the lato mia is a small h~ geum, the most attractive and well finishe the entire complex of Akrai latomias co ning, not only arcosolium and burial ni but also two baldacchino style centraI to on the walls.

THE INTAGLIATELLA, whose nor­thern part was called the "Via Sacra" by the archaeologist Prof. Paolo Orsi, has a typical L shape and is al so the oldest stone quarry in Akrai. This latomia is characterised by a series of votive niches not always easy to read and at varying heights (up to three levels) containing "pinakes" (tables or painted voti­ves), tombs from various eras as well as hou­ses from the Byzantine era. There are diffe­rent designs of hypogeums and catacombs, some extremely sophisticated, tombs with rich baldacchinos covered with valuable engravings, others with numerous artistic multi-tomb arcosoliums. However, the aspect which characterises most of this area and monopolises the atten­tion of the visitor as well as the experts, is the existence of a descriptive bas-relief ( approx. 2.13 x 0.83 m), to the left, a sacrificial scene and to the right, a banquet of heroes with the figure of a Roman warrior at the centre in the process of making a propitiatory or thanksgi­ving sacrifice, whose role was to unite the two images. The bas-relief shows signs of complete uniqueness, not only in its design, but for its content and more precisely for the mixture of consolidated Greek and Roman models. The bas-relief is dated around the first half of the I century BC.
THE HOLY MEN are to be found beyond the actual populated area of Palazzolo Acreide, on the old provincial road to Noto where you will come across via dei Santoni on the right; following it, you come to the entrance to the most complete and vast com­plex of figures relating to the Magna Mater cult which the ancient world ever left uso The site hosts 12 large reliefs - on a front of approximately 30 metres - ten of them reproducing the same female figure seated in full prospect, the other two show more com­plex scenes with a number of figures. A highly unique monument, of great importance for the religious history of the ancient world. It is, in fact, the greatest sanctuary to date uncovered, dedicated to the cult of the god­dess Cibeles

 
 
 
 

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